Dietary intake and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in semi-professional female soccer players: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Adequate energy and nutrient intakes in athletes contribute to optimal performance and recovery, decrease the risk of injury, and help preserve athletes' health. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered suitable for covering the nutritional needs of athletes, while contributing to improve eating habits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the energy and nutrient intakes of semi-professional female soccer players and their adherence to the MD, during the competitive season. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on twenty-three female soccer players, who were invited to fill in a 3-day food diary twice, one month apart, to assess their energy and nutrient intakes and a validated questionnaire (MEDI-LITE) to evaluate their adherence to MD. Exercise energy expenditure during three training and match-play days was monitored by GPS. Results: On average, the participants consumed 1,981 kcal/day, with 44% of their energy deriving from carbohydrates, 21% from protein, and 34% from fat; the mean MD adherence score was 10.1 ± 1.8, corresponding to a good MD adherence. A substantial percentage of athletes were at risk of insufficient nutrient intakes for vitamin D (100%), iodine (87%), potassium (87%), vitamin E (39%), iron and zinc (17 and 30%, respectively). Conclusion: The evaluation of the dietary intake in female soccer players showed energy deficiency in relation to training level, mainly due to the insufficient intake of carbohydrates, and micronutrient deficiencies. The technical staff should promote adequate consumption of starchy foods in female athletes and emphasize the importance of a proper distribution of energy intake among different eating occasions, including snacks. Periodic monitoring of the nutritional status of micronutrients (vitamin D and some minerals) could help reduce deficiency risk. Over all, nutrition education to improve eating habits of athletes seems worthy of attention, in order to preserve athletes' health and performance.

Diet in Food Insecurity: A Mediator of Metabolic Health?

Objective: Food insecurity (FI) is associated with poor metabolic health. It is assumed that energy intake and diet quality underlie this association. We tested the hypothesis that dietary factors (quantity and quality) mediate the association of FI with excess weight, waist circumference and glycemic control [glycohemoglobin (A1C)]. Methods: A mediation analysis was performed on data from the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey using FI as an independent variable; body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and A1C as metabolic outcome variables and total energy intake, macronutrients, and diet quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) as potential mediators. Results: Despite a greater prevalence of obesity in participants experiencing FI, daily reported energy intake was similar in food-secure and -insecure subjects. In adjusted analyses of the overall cohort, none of the examined dietary factors mediated associations between FI and metabolic outcomes. In race-stratified analyses, total sugar consumption was a partial mediator of BMI in non-Hispanic Whites, while diet quality measures (HEI-2015 total score and added sugar subscore) were partial mediators of waist circumference and BMI, respectively, for those in the "other" ethnic group. Conclusion: Dietary factors are not the main factors underlying the association of FI with metabolic health. Future studies should investigate whether other social determinants of health commonly present in the context of FI play a role in this association.

Sea Buckthorn Polyphenols Alleviate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice via Reprograming Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis Owing to Directly Targeting Fatty Acid Synthase.

Our previous studies found that Sea Buckthorn polyphenols (SBP) extract inhibits fatty acid synthase (FAS) in vitro. Thus, we continued to explore possible effects and underlying mechanisms of SBP on complicated metabolic disorders in long-term high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. To reveal that, an integrated approach was developed in this study. Targeted quantitative lipidomics with a total of 904 unique lipids mapping contributes to profiling the comprehensive features of disarranged hepatic lipid homeostasis and discovering a set of newfound lipid-based biomarkers to predict the occurrence and indicate the progression of metabolic disorders beyond current indicators. On the other hand, technologies of intermolecular interactions characterization, especially surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, contribute to recognizing targeted bioactive constituents present in SBP. Our findings highlight hepatic lipid homeostasis maintenance and constituent-FAS enzyme interactions, to provide new insights that SBP as a functional food alleviates HFD-induced metabolic disorders in mice via reprograming hepatic lipid homeostasis caused by targeting FAS, owing to four polyphenols directly interacting with FAS and cinaroside binding to FAS with good affinity.

Youth's energy intake during a laboratory-based loss-of-control eating paradigm: Associations with reported current dieting.

Dieting is theorized as a risk factor for loss-of-control (LOC)-eating (i.e., feeling a sense of lack of control while eating). Support for this association has largely relied on retrospective self-report data, which does not always correlate with objectively assessed eating behavior in youth. We hypothesized that during a laboratory-based LOC-eating paradigm, children and adolescents who reported current (at the time of the visit) dieting would consume meals consistent with LOC-eating (greater caloric intake, and intake of carbohydrates and fats, but less intake of protein). Participants were presented with a buffet-style meal and instructed to "Let yourself go and eat as much as you want." Current dieting (i.e., any deliberate change to the amount or type of food eaten to influence shape or weight, regardless of how effective the changes are) was assessed via interview. General linear models were adjusted for fat mass (%), lean mass (kg), height, sex, protocol, race and ethnicity, pre-meal hunger and minutes since consumption of a breakfast shake. Of 337 participants (Mage 12.8 ± 2.7y; 62.3 % female; 45.7 % non- Hispanic White and 26.1 % non-Hispanic Black; MBMIz 0.78 ± 1.11), only 33 (9.8 %) reported current dieting. Current dieting was not significantly associated with total energy intake (F = 1.63, p = .20, ηp2 = 0.005), or intake from carbohydrates (F = 2.45, p = .12, ηp2 = 0.007), fat (F = 2.65, p = .10, ηp2 = 0.008), or protein (F = 0.39, p = .53, ηp2 = 0.001). Contrary to theories that dieting promotes LOC-eating, current dieting was not associated with youth's eating behavior in a laboratory setting. Experimental approaches for investigating dieting are needed to test theories that implicate dieting in pediatric LOC-eating.

Nutritional Assessment of Children and Adolescents with Atypical Anorexia Nervosa: A Preliminary Longitudinal Investigation Using the 24-h Dietary Recall.

BACKGROUND: Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN) is a Feeding and Eating Disorder characterized by fear of gaining weight and body image disturbance, in the absence of significantly low body weight. AAN may present specific clinical and psychopathological features. Nonetheless, the literature lacks data concerning the nutritional characteristics and body composition of children and adolescents with AAN and their variation over time. METHODS: Case series, including 17 children and adolescents with AAN. All the patients were assessed at the first evaluation (T0) with a standardized dietary assessment (24 h Dietary Recall, 24 hDR). Nutritional data were compared with European dietary reference values (DRVs). Body composition parameters (weight, fat mass, fat-free mass) and their changes over time at two (T1) and six (T2) months were collected as well, using a Bioelectrical impedance analysis (Wunder WBA300 with four poles and foot contact; impedance frequency 50 kHz 500 µA; impedance measurement range 200~1000 Ω/0.1 Ω). RESULTS: The included individuals presented eating behaviors oriented towards significantly low daily energy intake (p < 0.001) compared with DRVs set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (with low carbohydrates and fats), and increased proteins (p < 0.001). A longer latency before observation (illness duration before observation) correlated with a negative change in weight. Body composition parameters were described, with no significant changes across the six-month outpatient assessment. DISCUSSION: This is the first research to systematically assess the body composition and nutritional features of a group of individuals with AAN in the developmental age. Further research should assess the effect of targeted treatment interventions on body composition and nutritional features.

Effects of Cattle Breeds and Dietary Energy Density on Intake, Growth, Carcass, and Meat Quality under Thai Feedlot Management System.

This study determines the effects of varying dietary metabolizable energy densities on Holstein Friesian and Charolais crossbred beef cattle in fattening phases. The research focuses on nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality. Thirty-six steers were used in the feeding trial that lasted for six months according to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design (Factor A, cattle breeds (Holstein Frisian, Charolais crossbred); B, metabolizable energy density (10.5, 11.1 and 11.8 MJ/kg DM)) with six replications. The dietary energy density had no interaction with the cattle breeds (p > 0.05). Despite fewer carcass yields, Holstein Friesian crossbreds indicate superior eating quality to Charolais crossbreds on drip loss, meat iron content, and Warner-Bratzler shear force due to increased intramuscular fat content (p < 0.05) with similar meat color (p > 0.05). Increased dietary energy density positively impacts nutrient and energy intake and rumen fermentation (p < 0.05) but did not affect growth and carcass traits (p > 0.05). This research suggests the potential of Holstein Friesian crossbreds for intensive beef production, providing valuable insights into optimal feeding strategies for achieving quality meat outcomes. On-farm feeding trials are needed to develop a practical and economical Thai beef feedlot management system.

The Energy Required to Synthesize Lean and Adipose Tissue in Rats.

Although the energy stored in lean tissue (LT) and adipose tissue (AT) is well known, the energy required to synthesize these tissues is less clear. While elucidating the energy required for AT synthesis may not be so important, the elucidation of the energy required for LT synthesis is important for individuals who aim to increase their skeletal muscle. Theoretically the energy at the point at which ΔLT/Δbody weight (BW) reaches 100% on a regression curve, which indicates the relationship between ΔLT/ΔBW and the energy used to accumulate body tissue, is considered to be the energy expended to synthesize LT. We therefore investigated the relationship using rats. Rats of different ages, and rats in exercised or sedentary states were used because their ΔLT/ΔBW was expected to be different. ΔLT/ΔBW was higher in the 4-wk-old group than in the 8-wk-old group and higher in the exercise group than in the sedentary group. We found a positive correlation between ΔLT/ΔBW and the energy expended to synthesize tissues that accumulated in the body. This energy was lower in the 8-wk-old group, which had a lower ΔLT/ΔBW in comparison to the 4-wk-old group, but was not affected by exercise. The regression curve revealed that the energy expended to synthesize LT was 2.9 kcal/g, while that expended to synthesize AT was 1.1 kcal/g. Therefore, combined with the energy accumulated to the tissues, the energy required to accumulate LT is approximately 4.0 kcal/g, while that required to accumulate AT is approximately 8.5 kcal/g.

Association between Urinary Sodium Excretion and Body Fat in School-Aged Children: Insights from the ARIA Study.

Childhood obesity has been associated with increased sodium intake. Nonetheless, evidence linking sodium intake to Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat Mass Percentage (%BF) remains limited, especially in the pediatric age group. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether there is an association between 24 h urinary sodium excretion with BMI and %BF in a sample group of children from the ARIA study. This cross-sectional analysis included 303 children aged 7 to 12 from across 20 public schools in Porto, Portugal. Weight and %BF were assessed using the Tanita™ BC-418 Segmental Body Analyzer. Children's Total Energy Intake (TEI) was estimated through a single 24 h Recall Questionnaire, and urinary sodium and potassium excretion was estimated by a 24 h urine collection. The association of %BF and BMI with 24 h sodium excretion was estimated by a binary logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, physical activity, total energy intake, parental education, and 24 h urinary excreted potassium. There was a significant positive association between higher levels of urinary sodium excretion and higher %BF values, even after adjusting for confounders. However, the same was not observed for BMI. Our findings suggest that higher sodium intake is associated with higher values of %BF among children, regardless of TEI and potassium intake.

Retrospective investigation of the energy requirements for weight loss and weight maintenance after weight loss programme in obese dogs.

Obesity is a highly prevalent disease in dogs and is characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that results in metabolic changes. Its treatment is based on a negative energy balance focusing on energy restriction. However, there are few studies in dogs that assessed the energy intake needed for adequate weight loss and to weight maintenance afterward. The aim of this study was to evaluate data about the treatment of canine obesity, with emphasis on energy restriction to induce weight loss and to maintain body weight (BW) and ideal body condition after weight loss. This was a retrospective study in which records of obese dogs from a veterinary teaching hospital were assessed between 2014 and 2020. Sixteen dogs were considered in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and 10 of these participated in the maintenance phase after weight loss. The animals lost a mean of 23.2% their initial weight in a mean of 422 days. The mean weekly weight loss rate was 0.58% of BW, and the mean daily energy intake for weight loss was 59 kcal/kg current BW0.75. When the target BW was considered, which was defined as the current weight minus 10% for every point in the body condition score scale above 5, the mean energy for weight loss was 71 kcal/kg target BW0.75. In the maintenance phase, the animals were assessed for a mean of 134 days. The mean energy intake to maintenance BW was 70 kcal/kg BW0.75. The lower energy requirement of obese dogs during and after weight loss can work as an alert for the formulations of therapeutic weight loss diets to contain a high nutrient density focusing on the wellbeing, health, and quality of life of obese dogs, not just for the weight loss phase, but a diet for the weight maintenance phase.

Associations between chronotype, diet quality and timing of energy intake in Portuguese children and adolescents: The potential role of summer holidays.

Later chronotypes may be associated with lower diet quality and later timing of energy intake in paediatric age. Period of data collection of these variables may affect these parameters and inter-relationship. We aimed to assess the cross-sectional association of chronotype with a diet quality score (HEI) and caloric midpoint (time of achieving 50% of total daily energy intake), considering summer holidays, using data from the National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016 for 578 participants (6-14 years of age). Chronotype was estimated by the midpoint of sleep and categorized as Early, Intermediate and Late, using physical activity diaries, while outcomes using two food diaries/24 h recalls. Associations of chronotype with outcomes were assessed by linear regressions adjusted for sex, age, parental education (model 1), BMI, sports practice (model 2), and summer holidays (no/yes) (model 3). In model 2, a Late vs. Early chronotype was negatively associated with HEI (߈ = -0.74; 95% CI: -1.47, -0.07) and positively with caloric midpoint (߈ = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.69). However, associations lost significance in model 3. The association between chronotype and dietary habits may be benefit from being studied considering school terms and summer holidays. Future larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the role of summer holidays on this inter-relationship.

Substituting carbohydrate at lunch for added protein increases fat oxidation during subsequent exercise in healthy males.

CONTEXT: How pre-exercise meal composition influences metabolic and health responses to exercise later in the day is currently unclear. OBJECTIVE: Examine the effects of substituting carbohydrate for protein at lunch on subsequent exercise metabolism, appetite, and energy intake. METHODS: Twelve healthy males completed three trials in randomized, counterbalanced order. Following a standardized breakfast (779 ± 66 kcal; ∼08:15), participants consumed a lunch (1186 ± 140 kcal; ∼13:15) containing either 0.2 g·kg-1 carbohydrate and ∼2 g·kg-1 protein (LO-CARB), 2 g·kg-1 carbohydrate and ∼0.4 g·kg-1 protein (HI-CARB), or fasted (FAST). Participants later cycled at ∼60% V̇O2peak for 1 h (∼16:15) and post-exercise ad-libitum energy intake was measured (∼18:30). Substrate oxidation, subjective appetite, and plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and acylated ghrelin (AG) were measured for 5 h post-lunch. RESULTS: Fat oxidation was greater during FAST (+11.66 ± 6.63 g) and LO-CARB (+8.00 ± 3.83 g) than HI-CARB (p < 0.001), with FAST greater than LO-CARB (+3.67 ± 5.07 g; p < 0.05). NEFA were lowest in HI-CARB and highest in FAST, with insulin demonstrating the inverse response (all p < 0.01). PYY and GLP-1 demonstrated a stepwise pattern, with LO-CARB greatest and FAST lowest (all p < 0.01). AG was lower during HI-CARB and LO-CARB versus FAST (p < 0.01). Energy intake in LO-CARB was lower than FAST (-383 ± 233 kcal; p < 0.001) and HI-CARB (-313 ± 284 kcal; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Substituting carbohydrate for protein in a pre-exercise lunch increased fat oxidation, suppressed subjective and hormonal appetite, and reduced post-exercise energy intake.

Hepatic interoception in health and disease.

The liver is a large organ with crucial functions in metabolism and immune defense, as well as blood homeostasis and detoxification, and it is clearly in bidirectional communication with the brain and rest of the body via both neural and humoral pathways. A host of neural sensory mechanisms have been proposed, but in contrast to the gut-brain axis, details for both the exact site and molecular signaling steps of their peripheral transduction mechanisms are generally lacking. Similarly, knowledge about function-specific sensory and motor components of both vagal and spinal access pathways to the hepatic parenchyma is missing. Lack of progress largely owes to controversies regarding selectivity of vagal access pathways and extent of hepatocyte innervation. In contrast, there is considerable evidence for glucose sensors in the wall of the hepatic portal vein and their importance for glucose handling by the liver and the brain and the systemic response to hypoglycemia. As liver diseases are on the rise globally, and there are intriguing associations between liver diseases and mental illnesses, it will be important to further dissect and identify both neural and humoral pathways that mediate hepatocyte-specific signals to relevant brain areas. The question of whether and how sensations from the liver contribute to interoceptive self-awareness has not yet been explored.

Energy imbalance gap was associated with body mass index and sex in Latin American adolescents-results from the ELANS study.

Introduction: Energy imbalance gap (EIG) is defined as the average daily difference between energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). This study aimed to examine the associations between EIG and sociodemographic and anthropometric variables in the adolescent population of eight Latin America countries. Methods: A total of 680 adolescents aged 15 to 18 were included in this study. The estimation of EI was based on two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. EE was predicted from Schofield equations using physical activity level obtained through the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sociodemographic data and anthropometric measurements were also obtained. A descriptive analysis and multilevel linear regression models were used to examine associations between variables. Results: The mean EI, EE, and EIG were 2091.3 kcal, 2067.8 kcal, and 23.5 kcal, respectively. Argentina had the highest EI and EIG, whereas Chile had the lowest EI and EIG. Males had a higher EI (2262.4 kcal) and EE (2172.2 kcal) than females (1930.1 kcal and 2084.5 kcal), respectively (p < 0.05). Overweight subjects had a lower EIG than did underweight and normal-weight subjects (p < 0.05). Subjects with low socioeconomic status (SES) had a lower EE (2047.0 kcal) than those with a high SES (2164.2 kcal) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sex and BMI were associated with EIG in adolescents from Latin America.

An acute social stressor decreases reinforcing value of both high and low energy-dense food in college students in a randomized controlled trial.

It is well known that a large portion of the population elevates their intake of high energy-dense foods during times of stress; however, it is understudied whether stress affects the reinforcing value of a food reward. Further knowledge of this relationship may help us better understand the positive correlation between reinforcing value of food and obesity. Therefore, it was tested if an acute stressor would increase the reinforcing value of low or high energy-dense food. Participants (N = 70) were randomized to a stress or no-stress condition after which they were allowed to work to gain access to a food reward and reading time. To determine if high energy-dense food was specifically affected, half the participants from each stress manipulation were randomly assigned to work for either grapes or chocolate candies. Participants in the stress condition worked less for food access than those in the no-stress condition, for both low and high energy-dense foods, but stress did not affect the reinforcing value of reading time. These results indicate that, contrary to our hypothesis, in a sample of college students, an acute stressor decreased reinforcing value of food, with no difference between a low and high energy-dense food item.

The impact of energy and protein intake on rehabilitation efficiency in convalescent patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is well known that more than 40% of patients in the convalescent rehabilitation settings suffer from malnutrition, and that appropriate nutrition management can improve rehabilitation outcomes. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: In this study, we used a change in motor score of Functional Independent Measure (FIM-M) of convalescent rehabilitation to investigate whether daily energy intake could influence the rehabilitation outcomes. Of the 217 patients hospitalized in our convalescent rehabilitation ward (CRW) between September 2016 and February 2017, 162 met the eligibility criteria for this study. RESULTS: For a 25 kcal/ ideal body weight (IBW)/day cutoff point, 76 patients consumed more than 25 kcal/IBW/day of energy (H-E group), and 86 patients consumed up to 25 kcal/IBW/day of energy (L-E group). Patients in the L-E group had poorer nutritional status than those in the H-E group at CRW admission. Moreover, patients in the L-E group lost some body weight (BW) during hospitalization, whereas patients in the H-E group gained some BW. Furthermore, the FIM-M efficiency in the L-E group was significantly lower than that in the H-E group. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that appropriate nutritional management given to rehabilitation patients for adequate energy intake to maintain or gain their BW could maximize the outcome of convalescent rehabilitation.

Influence of Nutritional Interventions on Functional Outcomes in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.

Stroke, a major cause of disability worldwide, necessitates comprehensive rehabilitation, with nutrition playing a pivotal role in recovery. Our systematic review assesses the impact of nutritional interventions on stroke survivors' rehabilitation. Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, using keywords related to stroke rehabilitation and nutrition. Studies were selected based on criteria emphasizing dietary interventions and their effect on functional recovery in stroke patients. The review involved detailed data extraction and synthesis, covering study design, participant characteristics, interventions, and outcomes. Five studies met our inclusion criteria, encompassing longitudinal and prospective studies, retrospective cohorts, and randomized controlled trials. These studies highlighted the importance of early nutritional assessment, particularly for sarcopenic patients, and the role of energy and protein intake soon after a stroke. Findings indicated high nutritional risk correlated with poorer functional outcomes and increased inflammation. Tailored dietary support appeared beneficial for muscle mass maintenance and overall functional recovery, especially in older patients. Our review emphasizes the critical role of nutritional interventions in stroke rehabilitation. It suggests that personalized nutritional strategies can positively impact functional recovery, notably in older and nutritionally vulnerable stroke survivors. These insights underscore the necessity of integrating dietary assessments and interventions into standard stroke rehabilitation protocols, advocating a holistic approach to patient care.

Association between Low Energy Availability (LEA) and Impaired Sleep Quality in Young Rugby Players.

Low energy availability (LEA) has been associated with several physiological consequences, but its impact on sleep has not been sufficiently investigated, especially in the context of young athletes. This study examined the potential association between energy availability (EA) status and objective sleep quality in 42 male rugby players (mean age: 16.2 ± 0.8 years) during a 7-day follow-up with fixed sleep schedules in the midst of an intensive training phase. Participants' energy intake was weighed and recorded. Exercise expenditure was estimated using accelerometry. Portable polysomnography devices captured sleep on the last night of the follow-up. Mean EA was 29.3 ± 9.14 kcal·kg FFM-1·day-1, with 47.6% of athletes presenting LEA, 35.7% Reduced Energy Availability (REA), and 16.7% Optimal Energy Availability (OEA). Lower sleep efficiency (SE) and N3 stage proportion, along with higher wake after sleep onset (WASO), were found in participants with LEA compared to those with OEA (p = 0.04, p = 0.03 and p = 0.005, respectively, with large effect sizes). Segmented regression models of the EA-sleep outcomes (SE, sleep onset latency [SOL]), WASO and N3) relationships displayed two separate linear regions and produced a best fit with a breakpoint between 21-33 kcal·kg FFM-1·day-1. Below these thresholds, sleep quality declines considerably. It is imperative for athletic administrators, nutritionists, and coaches to conscientiously consider the potential impact of LEA on young athletes' sleep, especially during periods of heavy training.

The relationship between sleep- and circadian rhythm-related parameters with dietary practices and food intake of sedentary adults: a cross-sectional study.

We aimed to explore the link between sleep-related parameters and dietary practices. This cross-sectional exploratory study includes sedentary individuals between 20 and 59 years of age. We applied exigent inclusion and exclusion criteria, such as weight stability and without humor- or sleep-related diseases. Also, shift workers were not included. We evaluated sleep quality (by Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index; PSQI), sleepiness (by Epworth Sleepiness Scale), chronotype (by Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire; MEQ), and social jetlag from sleep dairy. Moreover, Food Practices Measurement Scale was used to assess dietary practices. Food intake estimates (i. e., energy, eating window, and late-night dinner eating) were derived from two 24-h food recalls (R24h). For analysis, dietary practices and energy intake from R24h were considered dependent variables, while PSQI, ESS, MEQ, STJ, EW, and LNDE were considered independent variables. Our sample comprises 42 adults (21 women and 21 men; 35.4 (12.5) y; 25.6 (5.21) kg/m2 BMI; 26.5 (7.97) % body fat). We verified that persons with poor sleep quality showed lower dietary practice scores (MD - 6.68; p = 0.021). Besides, in regression analysis, chronotype (ß = 0.266; p = 0.039) was positively associated with dietary practices, and eating window was positively associated with energy intake (ß = 267 kcal; p = 0.023). In contrast to our hypothesis, other sleep- and circadian-related variables were not associated with dietary practices or energy intake. In summary, we conclude that morning chronotype appears to be related to better dietary practices from the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population guide and that higher eating window was positively associated with energy intake.

Perceiving a need for dietary change in adults living with and beyond cancer: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Many people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC) do not meet dietary recommendations. To implement a healthier diet, people LWBC must perceive a need to improve their diet. METHODS: Participants included people diagnosed with breast, prostate or colorectal cancer in the UK. Two binary logistic regression models were conducted with perceived need for dietary change as the outcome (need to improve vs. no need). Predictor variables included demographic and clinical characteristics, receipt of dietary advice, and either body mass index (BMI) or adherence to seven relevant World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) dietary recommendations. RESULTS: The sample included 5835 responses. Only 31% perceived a need to improve their diet. Being younger (odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 94-0.95), female (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.15-1.53), not of white ethnicity (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.48-2.27), not married/cohabiting (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.16-1.52) and having received dietary advice (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.43-1.86) was associated with an increased odds of perceiving a need to improve diet. This association was also seen for participants with two or more comorbidities (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.09-1.57), those not meeting the recommendations for fruit and vegetables (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.41-0.55), fat (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.58-0.77), and sugar (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75-0.98) in the dietary components model and those who had a higher BMI (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.32-1.77) in the BMI model. CONCLUSIONS: Most of this sample of people LWBC did not perceive a need to improve their diet. More research is needed to understand the reasons for this and to target these reasons in dietary interventions.